By Victor M Fontane
All dharmas are non-dual. The consciousness grasping at existence of dharmas, the consciousness grasping at non-existence of dharmas – existence is also non-existence. This is the ordinary person's consciousness, delusional thoughts arising from karmic force (karma).
The Middle Way can be with dharmas, can be without dharmas. Conditioned arising (pratītyasamutpāda) has no truly existent dharmas (svabhāva), yet it is not that there are no truly existent dharmas. Rather, it is non-attachment to dharmas. It lies in our understanding that discriminating thoughts are discursive thoughts (vikalpa). Because we see Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha) in all matter, created by the universe for our enjoyment, the universe arises from emptiness (śūnyatā), originating from humanity's various delusional thoughts rooted in greed, hatred, and delusion (rāga, dveṣa, moha), leading to ignorance and karmic obscurationsg (avidyā-karma). Because every matter transmigrates (saṃsāra) in this manner of "this-not-that" (so-called), all dharmas are empty of inherent existence. However, due to our clinging to greed, hatred, and delusion, we perceive through the six sense organs (ṣaḍāyatana), and the mano-consciousness (manas) plants new karma in the storehouse consciousness (ālaya-vijñāna).
Therefore, as karmic force continues, so does hell (naraka). Due to the judgment of the mano-consciousness.
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